Chalk

Chalk works by subtraction: it doesn't add grip, it removes what's compromising it. Sweat between your palm and the bar creates a liquid layer that reduces friction. Magnesium carbonate absorbs that moisture, restoring direct contact between skin and metal. The result is a more solid, reliable grip without accessories to put on or take off between sets.

There are several formats. Loose powder is the most effective but also the most invasive: it creates clouds of white dust, and many gyms ban it. The chalk ball is powder contained in a fabric pouch that releases the product in a controlled way, with less dispersion. Liquid chalk is an alcohol-based gel with magnesium carbonate that you apply like hand sanitizer, dries in a few seconds, and doesn't release dust into the air. For an indoor gym, liquid is almost always the best choice.

When to use it: before any exercise where your grip tends to fail because of sweat. Deadlifts, pull-ups, heavy rows, shrugs. Even in combination with straps, if your hands are particularly damp. There's no need to overdo the amount: a thin, even layer is enough. Too much chalk creates a paste that has the opposite effect. After the workout, wash your hands well: chalk dries out the skin if left on too long.